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Active Support 附帶時區的時間

一個類似時間的類別,可以表示任何時區的時間。這是必要的,因為標準 Ruby Time 實例僅限於 UTC 和系統的 ENV['TZ'] 時區。

您永遠不需要透過 new 直接建立 TimeWithZone 實例。相反的,請使用 TimeZone 實例上的 localparseatnow 方法,以及 TimeDateTime 實例上的 in_time_zone 方法。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'        # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 10, 15, 30, 45)        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.parse('2007-02-10 15:30:45')          # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.at(1171139445)                        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
Time.zone.now                                   # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:07:55.754107581 EDT -04:00
Time.utc(2007, 2, 10, 20, 30, 45).in_time_zone  # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00

有關這些方法的更多說明,請參閱 TimeTimeZone

TimeWithZone 實例實現了與 Ruby Time 實例相同的 API,因此 TimeTimeWithZone 實例可以互換使用。

t = Time.zone.now                     # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
t.hour                                # => 13
t.dst?                                # => true
t.utc_offset                          # => -14400
t.zone                                # => "EDT"
t.to_fs(:rfc822)                      # => "Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25 -0400"
t + 1.day                             # => Mon, 19 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
t.beginning_of_year                   # => Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t > Time.utc(1999)                    # => true
t.is_a?(Time)                         # => true
t.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)  # => true
方法
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常數

PRECISIONS = Hash.new { |h, n| h[n] = "%FT%T.%#{n}N" }
 
SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400
 

屬性

[R] time_zone

類別公開方法

new(utc_time, time_zone, local_time = nil, period = nil)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 51
def initialize(utc_time, time_zone, local_time = nil, period = nil)
  @utc = utc_time ? transfer_time_values_to_utc_constructor(utc_time) : nil
  @time_zone, @time = time_zone, local_time
  @period = @utc ? period : get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time(period)
end

實例公開方法

+(other)

將時間間隔加到目前物件的時間,並將該值作為新的 TimeWithZone 物件傳回。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now + 1000          # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:43:08.725182881 EDT -04:00

如果我們要添加一個可變長度的 Duration(即年、月、日),則從 time 開始推進,否則為了在跨越 DST 邊界時保持準確性,從 utc 開始推進。

例如,時間 + 24.小時將精確推進 24 小時,而時間 + 1.天將推進 23-25 小時,具體取決於日期。

now + 24.hours      # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now + 1.day         # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
也稱為:sincein
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 298
def +(other)
  if duration_of_variable_length?(other)
    method_missing(:+, other)
  else
    begin
      result = utc + other
    rescue TypeError
      result = utc.to_datetime.since(other)
      ActiveSupport.deprecator.warn(
        "Adding an instance of #{other.class} to an instance of #{self.class} is deprecated. This behavior will raise " \
        "a `TypeError` in Rails 8.1."
      )
      result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
    end
    result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

-(other)

減去時間間隔並傳回一個新的 TimeWithZone 物件,除非另一個值 acts_like? time。在這種情況下,它將減去另一個時間,並以 Float 的形式傳回秒數差。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now - 1000          # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00

如果減去一個可變長度的 Duration(即年、月、日),則從 time 開始後退,否則為了在跨越 DST 邊界時保持準確性,從 utc 開始後退。

例如,時間 - 24.小時將精確減去 24 小時,而時間 - 1.天將減去 23-25 小時,具體取決於日期。

now - 24.hours      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now - 1.day         # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00

如果 TimeWithZone 物件和另一個值都像 Time 一樣,則會傳回 Float

Time.zone.now - 1.day.ago # => 86399.999967
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 341
def -(other)
  if other.acts_like?(:time)
    getutc - other.getutc
  elsif duration_of_variable_length?(other)
    method_missing(:-, other)
  else
    result = utc - other
    result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

<=>(other)

使用 UTC 時間進行比較。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 231
def <=>(other)
  utc <=> other
end

acts_like_time?()

以便 self acts_like?(:time)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 504
def acts_like_time?
  true
end

advance(options)

使用 Date 根據 proleptic Gregorian calendar 提供精確的 Time 年、月和日計算。結果將作為新的 TimeWithZone 物件傳回。

options 參數接受一個雜湊,其中包含以下任一鍵::years:months:weeks:days:hours:minutes:seconds

如果要推進可變長度的值(即年、週、月、日),則從 time 開始推進,否則為了在跨越 DST 邊界時保持準確性,從 utc 開始推進。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(seconds: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:29.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(minutes: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:27:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
now.advance(hours: 1)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(days: 1)    # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(weeks: 1)   # => Sun, 09 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(months: 1)  # => Tue, 02 Dec 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
now.advance(years: 1)   # => Mon, 02 Nov 2015 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 430
def advance(options)
  # If we're advancing a value of variable length (i.e., years, weeks, months, days), advance from #time,
  # otherwise advance from #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
  if options.values_at(:years, :weeks, :months, :days).any?
    method_missing(:advance, options)
  else
    utc.advance(options).in_time_zone(time_zone)
  end
end

ago(other)

從目前物件的時間減去時間間隔,並將結果作為新的 TimeWithZone 物件傳回。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
now.ago(1000)       # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00

如果我們要減去一個可變長度的 Duration(即年、月、日),則從 time 開始後退,否則為了在跨越 DST 邊界時保持準確性,從 utc 開始後退。

例如,time.ago(24.hours) 將精確後退 24 小時,而 time.ago(1.day) 將後退 23-25 小時,具體取決於日期。

now.ago(24.hours)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
now.ago(1.day)      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 369
def ago(other)
  since(-other)
end

as_json(options = nil)

將時間強制轉換為字串,以便進行 JSON 編碼。預設格式為 ISO 8601。您可以透過將 ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format 設定為 false 來取得 %Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S +offset 樣式。

# With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = true
Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").as_json
# => "2005-02-01T05:15:10.000-10:00"

# With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = false
Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").as_json
# => "2005/02/01 05:15:10 -1000"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 166
def as_json(options = nil)
  if ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format
    xmlschema(ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.time_precision)
  else
    %(#{time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false)})
  end
end

between?(min, max)

如果目前物件的時間在指定的 minmax 時間之內,則傳回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 239
def between?(min, max)
  utc.between?(min, max)
end

blank?()

ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone 的實例永遠不會是空白的

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 515
def blank?
  false
end

change(options)

傳回一個新的 ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone,其中一個或多個元素已根據 options 參數進行更改。時間選項(:hour:min:sec:usec:nsec)會依次重置,因此如果只傳遞小時,則分鐘、秒、微秒和奈秒會設定為 0。如果傳遞小時和分鐘,則秒、微秒和奈秒會設定為 0。options 參數接受一個雜湊,其中包含以下任一鍵::year:month:day:hour:min:sec:usec:nsec:offset:zone。傳遞 :usec:nsec,而不是兩者都傳遞。同樣地,傳遞 :zone:offset,而不是兩者都傳遞。

t = Time.zone.now          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
t.change(year: 2020)       # => Tue, 14 Apr 2020 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
t.change(hour: 12)         # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 12:00:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t.change(min: 30)          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:30:00.000000000 EST -05:00
t.change(offset: "-10:00") # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
t.change(zone: "Hawaii")   # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 390
def change(options)
  if options[:zone] && options[:offset]
    raise ArgumentError, "Can't change both :offset and :zone at the same time: #{options.inspect}"
  end

  new_time = time.change(options)

  if options[:zone]
    new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(options[:zone])
  elsif options[:offset]
    new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(new_time.utc_offset)
  end

  new_zone ||= time_zone
  periods = new_zone.periods_for_local(new_time)

  self.class.new(nil, new_zone, new_time, periods.include?(period) ? period : nil)
end

comparable_time()

別名:utc

dst?()

如果目前時間在指定時區的日光節約時間內,則傳回 true。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'    # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.parse("2012-5-30").dst?           # => true
Time.zone.parse("2012-11-30").dst?          # => false
也稱為:isdst
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 94
def dst?
  period.dst?
end

eql?(other)

如果 other 等於目前物件,則傳回 true

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 274
def eql?(other)
  other.eql?(utc)
end

formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)

傳回格式化後的 UTC 時間偏移字串,如果時區已是 UTC,則傳回替代字串。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'   # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(true)       # => "-05:00"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(false)      # => "-0500"
Time.zone = 'UTC'                          # => "UTC"
Time.zone.now.formatted_offset(true, "0")  # => "0"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 125
def formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
  utc? && alternate_utc_string || TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(utc_offset, colon)
end

freeze()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 523
def freeze
  # preload instance variables before freezing
  period; utc; time; to_datetime; to_time
  super
end

future?()

如果目前的物件時間在未來,則傳回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 269
def future?
  utc.future?
end

getgm()

別名:utc

getlocal(utc_offset = nil)

localtime 的別名

getutc()

別名:utc

gmt?()

utc? 的別名

gmt_offset()

utc_offset 的別名

gmtime()

別名:utc

gmtoff()

utc_offset 的別名

hash()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 278
def hash
  utc.hash
end

httpdate()

傳回以 HTTP 請求使用的格式表示物件日期和時間的字串。

Time.zone.now.httpdate  # => "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:39:43 GMT"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 186
def httpdate
  utc.httpdate
end

in(other)

+ 的別名

in_time_zone(new_zone = ::Time.zone)

傳回Time.zone 或指定時區的同步時間。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 77
def in_time_zone(new_zone = ::Time.zone)
  return self if time_zone == new_zone
  utc.in_time_zone(new_zone)
end

inspect()

傳回物件的日期、時間、時區和 UTC 偏移量的字串。

Time.zone.now.inspect # => "Thu, 04 Dec 2014 11:00:25.624541392 EST -05:00"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 140
def inspect
  "#{time.strftime('%F %H:%M:%S.%9N')} #{zone} #{formatted_offset}"
end

is_a?(klass)

將自身宣告為 Time 以避免類型檢查。

也稱為:kind_of?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 509
def is_a?(klass)
  klass == ::Time || super
end

isdst()

dst? 的別名

iso8601(fraction_digits = 0)

xmlschema 的別名

kind_of?(klass)

is_a? 的別名

localtime(utc_offset = nil)

傳回系統時區同步時間的 Time 實例。

也稱為:getlocal
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 83
def localtime(utc_offset = nil)
  utc.getlocal(utc_offset)
end

marshal_dump()

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 529
def marshal_dump
  [utc, time_zone.name, time]
end

marshal_load(variables)

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 533
def marshal_load(variables)
  initialize(variables[0].utc, ::Time.find_zone(variables[1]), variables[2].utc)
end

method_missing(...)

將遺漏的方法傳送至 time 實例,並將結果包裝在具有現有 time_zone 的新的 TimeWithZone 中。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 553
def method_missing(...)
  wrap_with_time_zone time.__send__(...)
rescue NoMethodError => e
  raise e, e.message.sub(time.inspect, inspect).sub("Time", "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"), e.backtrace
end

next_day?()

tomorrow? 的別名

past?()

如果目前的物件時間在過去,則傳回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 244
def past?
  utc.past?
end

period()

傳回底層的 TZInfo::TimezonePeriod

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 72
def period
  @period ||= time_zone.period_for_utc(@utc)
end

prev_day?()

yesterday? 的別名

respond_to?(sym, include_priv = false)

在某些情況下不會呼叫 respond_to_missing?,例如使用 Kernel#String 執行類型轉換時

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 539
def respond_to?(sym, include_priv = false)
  # ensure that we're not going to throw and rescue from NoMethodError in method_missing which is slow
  return false if sym.to_sym == :to_str
  super
end

respond_to_missing?(sym, include_priv)

確保代理類別回應底層時間實例回應的所有方法。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 547
def respond_to_missing?(sym, include_priv)
  time.respond_to?(sym, include_priv)
end

rfc2822()

傳回以 RFC 2822 標準格式表示物件日期和時間的字串。

Time.zone.now.rfc2822  # => "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:51:39 +0000"
也稱為:rfc822
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 194
def rfc2822
  to_fs(:rfc822)
end

rfc3339(fraction_digits = 0)

xmlschema 的別名

rfc822()

rfc2822 的別名

since(other)

+ 的別名

strftime(format)

在傳遞至 Time#strftime 之前將 %Z 指令替換為 +zone,以便時區資訊正確無誤。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 225
def strftime(format)
  format = format.gsub(/((?:\A|[^%])(?:%%)*)%Z/, "\\1#{zone}")
  getlocal(utc_offset).strftime(format)
end

time()

傳回表示 time_zone 時間的 Time 實例。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 58
def time
  @time ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@utc, utc_offset)
end

to_a()

以 [秒、分鐘、小時、日、月、年、星期幾、一年中的第幾天、是否為日光節約時間、時區] 的順序傳回 陣列時間 部分。

now = Time.zone.now     # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:29:27.485278555 UTC +00:00
now.to_a                # => [27, 29, 2, 18, 8, 2015, 2, 230, false, "UTC"]
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 453
def to_a
  [time.sec, time.min, time.hour, time.day, time.mon, time.year, time.wday, time.yday, dst?, zone]
end

to_datetime()

傳回具有時區 UTC 偏移量的 DateTime 實例

Time.zone.now.to_datetime                         # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:32:20 +0000
Time.current.in_time_zone('Hawaii').to_datetime   # => Mon, 17 Aug 2015 16:32:20 -1000
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 486
def to_datetime
  @to_datetime ||= utc.to_datetime.new_offset(Rational(utc_offset, 86_400))
end

to_f()

傳回物件的日期和時間,以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以來的秒數的浮點數表示。

Time.zone.now.to_f # => 1417709320.285418
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 461
def to_f
  utc.to_f
end

to_formatted_s(format = :default)

to_fs 的別名

to_fs(format = :default)

傳回物件日期和時間的字串

此方法是 to_formatted_s 的別名

接受一個可選的 format 參數

  • :default - 預設值,模擬 Ruby Time#to_s 格式。

  • :db - 格式以 UTC :db 時間輸出時間。請參閱 Time#to_fs(:db)。

  • 可以使用 Time::DATE_FORMATS 中的任何鍵值。請參閱 active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb。

也稱為:to_formatted_s
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 212
def to_fs(format = :default)
  if format == :db
    utc.to_fs(format)
  elsif formatter = ::Time::DATE_FORMATS[format]
    formatter.respond_to?(:call) ? formatter.call(self).to_s : strftime(formatter)
  else
    to_s
  end
end

to_i()

傳回物件的日期和時間,以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以來的秒數的整數表示。

Time.zone.now.to_i # => 1417709320
也稱為:tv_sec
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 469
def to_i
  utc.to_i
end

to_r()

將物件的日期和時間以自 Epoch(1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00 UTC)以來的有理秒數返回。

Time.zone.now.to_r # => (708854548642709/500000)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 478
def to_r
  utc.to_r
end

to_s()

傳回物件日期和時間的字串

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 200
def to_s
  "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}" # mimicking Ruby Time#to_s format
end

to_time()

返回一個 Time 實例,根據 ActiveSupport.to_time_preserves_timezone 的設定,其時區與 self 相同、UTC 時間偏移量與 self 相同或使用本地系統時區。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 493
def to_time
  if preserve_timezone == :zone
    @to_time_with_timezone ||= getlocal(time_zone)
  elsif preserve_timezone
    @to_time_with_instance_offset ||= getlocal(utc_offset)
  else
    @to_time_with_system_offset ||= getlocal
  end
end

today?()

如果目前物件的時間落在今天之內,則返回 true。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 250
def today?
  time.today?
end

tomorrow?()

如果目前物件的時間落在下一天(明天)之內,則返回 true。

別名:next_day?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 256
def tomorrow?
  time.tomorrow?
end

tv_sec()

別名:to_i

utc()

返回一個 UTC 時區中同時時間的 Time 實例。

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 63
def utc
  @utc ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@time, -utc_offset)
end

utc?()

如果目前的時區設定為 UTC,則返回 true。

Time.zone = 'UTC'                           # => 'UTC'
Time.zone.now.utc?                          # => true
Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'    # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
Time.zone.now.utc?                          # => false
別名:gmt?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 105
def utc?
  zone == "UTC" || zone == "UCT"
end

utc_offset()

返回目前時間到 UTC 時間的偏移量(以秒為單位)。

別名:gmt_offsetgmtoff
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 111
def utc_offset
  period.observed_utc_offset
end

xmlschema(fraction_digits = 0)

以 ISO 8601 標準格式返回物件的日期和時間字串。

Time.zone.now.xmlschema  # => "2014-12-04T11:02:37-05:00"
別名:iso8601rfc3339
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 148
def xmlschema(fraction_digits = 0)
  "#{time.strftime(PRECISIONS[fraction_digits.to_i])}#{formatted_offset(true, 'Z')}"
end

yesterday?()

如果目前物件的時間落在前一天(昨天)之內,則返回 true。

別名:prev_day?
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 263
def yesterday?
  time.yesterday?
end

zone()

返回時區縮寫。

Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'   # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now.zone # => "EST"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb, line 133
def zone
  period.abbreviation
end